Fade: A gradual increase in video, i.e. a fade-in, or a gradual decrease in video, i.e. a fadeout.

Fast File: A video segment with entry and exit points but that is not interrupted by edited-in video clips.

Fiber Optic Cable: Glass, plastic, or hybrid fiber cable that transmits digital signals as light pulses.

First Person: A video told from the primary subject`s perspective. Firstperson videos most often include the word.

Front Screen Projection: This option allows an image to be projected onto a screen or sail from the front of the room. The unit itself is placed within or behind the audience.

F/Stop: A rating often applied to scrims used in the film and video industries on their ability to dim light. This rating is directly related to a camera`s ability to allow for the admittance of light.

Gray Scale: The ability for a video display to reproduce a neutral image color with a given input at various levels of intensity.

Hanging Dots: An artifact of composite video signals that appears as a stationary, zipper-like, horizontal border between colors.

High-Definition(HD, High-Def): An image that has a higher resolution and is clearer than other formats. It is widely accepted that 720p is the "bottom-end" on HD.

HDCP: High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection. Created by Intel, HDCP is used with HDTV signals over DVI and HDMI connections and on D-Theater D-VHS recordings to prevent unauthorized duplication of copyright material.

HDR: Hard-Drive Recorder. Device that uses a computer hard drive to store compressed digital audio and video signals.

HDMI: HDTV connection format using a DVI interface that transfers uncompressed digital video with HDCP copy protection and multichannel audio.

HDTV: High-Definition Television. The high-resolution subset of our DTV system. The FCC has no official definition for HDTV. The ATSC defines HDTV as a 16:9 image with twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of our existing system, accompanied by 5.1 channels of Dolby Digital audio. The CEA defines HDTV as an image with 720 progressive or 1080 interlaced active (top to bottom) scan lines. 1280:720p and 1920:1080i are typically accepted as high-definition scan rates.

High Gain Screen: Material that reflects more light than a reference material Increases a projector`s light output at the expense of uniformity.

IEEE 1394: Networking standard for PCs. Combined with 5C copy protection, is used as a two-way connection to transfer the MPEG-compressed digital bitstreams between consumer electronics items, including HDTV tuners and displays, D-VHS recorders, DVD players, and DBS receivers. Also called FireWire, iLink.

In Sync: When the picture and sound are synchronized perfectly.

Incue/Inq/In-Point: These words all refer to the initial few seconds of audio signifying the beginning of the production.

Interlace: Process of alternating scan lines to create a complete image. In CRT displays, every second field/frame is scanned between the first field/frame. The first field represents the odd lines the second field represents the even lines. The fields are aligned and timed so that, with a still image, the human eye blurs the two fields together and sees them as one. Interlace scanning allows only half the lines to be transmitted and presented at any given moment. A 1080i HD signal transmits and displays only 540 lines per 60th of a second. 480i NTSC transmits and displays only 240 lines per 60th of a second. Motion in the image can make the fields noticeable. Interlaced images have motion artifacts when two fields don`t match to create the complete frame, often most noticeable in film-based material.

Keystone: A form of video image distortion in which the top of the picture is wider than the bottom, or the left is taller than the right, or vice versa. The image is shaped like a trapezoid rather than a rectangle.

Laser Disc: Now-defunct 12-inch disc format with excellent analog, FMrecorded video image, and either analog or CD-quality PCM-encoded audio. Later discs used one of the analog channels to record an RF-modulated Dolby Digital/AC3 soundtrack and/or used the PCM tracks to encoded a DTS soundtrack.

LCD: Liquid Crystal Display. A display that consists of two polarizing transparent panels and a liquid crystal surface sandwiched in between. Voltage is applied to certain areas, causing the crystal to turn dark. A light source behind the panel transmits through transparent crystals and is mostly blocked by dark crystals.

LCOS: Liquid Crystal on Silicon.

Letterbox: Format used widely on laser disc and many DVDs to fit wideaspect-ratio movies (1.85:1 and 2.35:1, for example) into a smaller frame, such as the 1.78:1 area of an anamorphic DVD or the 1.33:1 area of a laser disc or video tape. The image is shrunk to fit the screen, leaving blank space on the top and bottom. This process sacrifices some vertical detail that must be used to record the black bars.

Live Shot:Video broadcasted in real-time.

Live Special Report (LSR): A news story broadcast in real-time covering breaking news or a special event.

Luminance: The black and white (Y) portion of a composite, Y/C, or Y/Pb/Pr video signal. The luminance channel carries the detail of a video signal. The color channel is laid on top of the luminance signal when creating a picture. Having a separate luminance channel ensures compatibility with black-andwhite televisions.

Man on the Street (MOS): Clips of randomly selected people speaking.The name originates from the practice of news crews interviewing people on street sidewalks.

Matte White:Projection vinyl with a smooth white surface.

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